Vertical extrapolation

Example of using PyWAsP to perform vertical extrapolation.

Prepare TopographyMap

First, we need to prepare the topography map. This is done by reading the elevation and roughness maps and creating a TopographyMap object.

import numpy as np
import windkit as wk
import pywasp as pw

ssl = wk.load_tutorial_data("serra_santa_luzia")

topo_map = pw.wasp.TopographyMap(ssl.elev, ssl.rgh)

Define output locations

Second, we need to define the output locations. This is done by creating a dataset with the coordinates of the output locations.

output_locs = wk.spatial.create_dataset(
    west_east=ssl.bwc.west_east.values,
    south_north=ssl.bwc.south_north.values,
    height=np.linspace(10.0, 100.0, 10),
    crs="EPSG:32629",
    struct="stacked_point",
)
print(output_locs)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 177B
Dimensions:      (height: 10, stacked_point: 1)
Coordinates:
  * height       (height) float64 80B 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 ... 80.0 90.0 100.0
    south_north  (stacked_point) float64 8B 4.621e+06
    west_east    (stacked_point) float64 8B 5.147e+05
    crs          int8 1B 0
Dimensions without coordinates: stacked_point
Data variables:
    output       (height, stacked_point) float64 80B 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0
Attributes:
    Conventions:  CF-1.8
    history:      2026-01-29T14:38:40+00:00:\twindkit==2.0.0\twk.spatial.crea...

Calculate resource grid

Finally, we can calculate the resource grid. This is done by calling the predict_wwc function. This function takes the output locations, the boundary conditions, and the topography map as input. The output is a weibull wind climate dataset at the output locations.

wwc = pw.wasp.predict_wwc(ssl.bwc, topo_map, output_locs)

/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/modules/windkit/windkit/spatial/_interpolation.py:495: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge(results)
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/modules/windkit/windkit/spatial/_interpolation.py:495: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge(results)
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/modules/windkit/windkit/spatial/_interpolation.py:495: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge(results)
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/modules/windkit/windkit/spatial/_interpolation.py:495: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge(results)
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/pywasp/wasp/meso_climate.py:351: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge([ds_baro, ds_stab])
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/pywasp/wasp/meso_climate.py:351: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge([ds_baro, ds_stab])
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/pywasp/wasp/meso_climate.py:351: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge([ds_baro, ds_stab])
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/pywasp/wasp/meso_climate.py:351: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge([ds_baro, ds_stab])
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/pywasp/wasp/meso_climate.py:351: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge([ds_baro, ds_stab])
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/pywasp/wasp/meso_climate.py:351: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge([ds_baro, ds_stab])
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/modules/windkit/windkit/spatial/_interpolation.py:495: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge(results)
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/modules/windkit/windkit/spatial/_interpolation.py:495: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge(results)
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/modules/windkit/windkit/spatial/_interpolation.py:495: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge(results)
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/modules/windkit/windkit/spatial/_interpolation.py:495: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge(results)
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/pywasp/wasp/meso_climate.py:351: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge([ds_baro, ds_stab])
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/pywasp/wasp/meso_climate.py:351: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge([ds_baro, ds_stab])
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/pywasp/wasp/meso_climate.py:351: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge([ds_baro, ds_stab])
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/pywasp/wasp/meso_climate.py:351: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge([ds_baro, ds_stab])
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/pywasp/wasp/meso_climate.py:351: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge([ds_baro, ds_stab])
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/pywasp/wasp/meso_climate.py:351: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge([ds_baro, ds_stab])
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/modules/windkit/windkit/spatial/spatial.py:1087: UserWarning: Clipping bbox including marging is outside the bounds of the dataset to clip!
  warnings.warn(
/home/neil/DTU/repos/pywasp/modules/windkit/windkit/spatial/_interpolation.py:495: FutureWarning: In a future version of xarray the default value for compat will change from compat='no_conflicts' to compat='override'. This is likely to lead to different results when combining overlapping variables with the same name. To opt in to new defaults and get rid of these warnings now use `set_options(use_new_combine_kwarg_defaults=True) or set compat explicitly.
  ds = xr.merge(results)

Plot the mean wind speed

We can plot the mean wind speed to see the result.

wwc["wspd"].plot.line(y="height")

[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x782ff5532120>]